Fish ladders allow fish to move through rivers that are otherwise obstructed by dams. Clogged fish ladders, however, become but another obstacle for the migrating fish, according to Elina Leiner, head water specialist of the Environmental Board. “We would like to ask dam owners to regularly check their fish ladders, and clean them should they become clogged,” says Elina Leiner as a reminder to all dam owners regarding their obligations as holders of environmental licenses.
If you notice a dry dam or a clogged fish ladder, report your sightings to the State helpline at 1247.
Migratory fish populations are declining due to these kinds of obstacles. Man-made migration obstacles have endangered and even made trout populations extinct in some Estonian bodies of water. “Migration obstacles have left our bodies of water devoid of fish – local species have either disappeared or have become very few and far between,” says Elina Leiner.
Rapids are essential for salmon spawns, however there are fewer natural rapids in Estonia than stretches with slow running, deep water. Rapids have fast currents, shallow waters and a gravely surface, perfect for salmon spawning.
To protect fish migrating in autumn, 125 rivers have been placed under environmental protection, the list of which can be found in the regulation passed by the Minister of the Environment. Changing the natural base, water levels and water flow is forbidden in these rivers. “Water levels and flow must remain natural so that the migrating fish can successfully reach their destinations. It’s forbidden to build new dams on these protected stretches, and any existing dams must be equipped with fish ladders. Only if these criteria are met can fish successfully reach their homes and bear offspring,” says Elina Leiner.
The rivers on this list have 91 dams on them, half of which either have fish ladders installed or are short enough for the fish to cross. The remaining dam owners have yet to fulfil their obligations to nature and fish.
An environmental permit issued by the Environmental Board is necessary in order to build a dam i.e. elevate water levels in a body of water. Additional information can be found on the home page of the Board. All requirements of dam owners have been detailed in the environmental licences that have been issued to them.
Fishing restrictions are enacted from the middle of October until the start of December to protect the local salmon populations. Salmon spawn protections begin on the 20th of October and last until the 30th of November. During this period, salmon fishing is forbidden on most rivers.
